{"id":155064,"date":"2019-07-12T10:00:25","date_gmt":"2019-07-12T10:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\/"},"modified":"2022-10-07T13:29:22","modified_gmt":"2022-10-07T13:29:22","slug":"mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/hr\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\/","title":{"rendered":"Mjerenje pH izotoni\u010dne puferske otopine"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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U bolnicama se pacijentima naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e primjenjuju intravenske (IV) otopine, poput fiziolo\u0161ke otopine ili lijekova na recept, za razli\u010dite terapije. IV se upotrebljavaju za isporuku lijekova, zamjenu teku\u0107ine, uravnote\u017eenje elektrolita i mnoge druge tretmane.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Budu\u0107i da se otopine unose izravno u krvotok, \u0161to su ionske ja\u010dine sli\u010dnije otopini u krvi, manja je vjerojatnost da \u0107e do\u0107i do negativnih zdravstvenih utjecaja. Tonicitet i pH dva su najva\u017enija \u010dimbenika u pripremi otopine koja opona\u0161a sastav krvi.<\/p>\n

Tonicitet i pH dva su najva\u017enija \u010dimbenika u pripremi otopine koja opona\u0161a sastav krvi. Tonicitet, koji je osmotski tlak otopine, odnosi se na sposobnost vode da pro\u0111e kroz polupropusnu membranu, kao \u0161to je ona u krvnoj stanici. Voda se kre\u0107e od niske koncentracije do visoke. Kretanje vode iz stanice u krv u velikoj se mjeri temelji na koncentraciji otopljenih iona u otopini, koja se naziva osmotskom koncentracijom.<\/p>\n

Kada se izotoni\u010dne (izo = iste i toni\u010dne = ja\u010dine) otopine, poput medicinskih fiziolo\u0161kih otopina, intravenski uvode u krvotok, ne postoji osmotski tlak. T To rezultira neznatnom koli\u010dinom vode koja ulazi u krvne stanice i iz njih.<\/p>\n

Ako je otopina IV hipotoni\u010dna, koncentracija soli je ni\u017ea nego u krvi i krvnim stanicama. Hipotonska fiziolo\u0161ka otopina sni\u017eit \u0107e koncentraciju iona u krvi i stvoriti gradijent koncentracije. To rezultira prelaskom vode u krvne stanice, gdje \u0107e nabubriti i eventualno puknuti. Hipertoni\u010dne otopine imaju ve\u0107u koncentraciju iona od krvi, pa taj gradijent koncentracije uzrokuje iseljavanje vode iz stanica, \u0161to uzrokuje smanjivanje. Pri formuliranju lijekova IV, aktivnom lijeku mogu se dodati soli poput natrijevog klorida i kalijevog klorida kako bi se osiguralo izotoni\u010dnost otopine.<\/p>\n

Drugo va\u017eno razmatranje prilikom pripreme IV lijekova je pH. Ljudsko tijelo koristi sustav bikarbonata koji odr\u017eava na\u0161u krv pri gotovo konstantnom pH od 7,35. Sposobnost odr\u017eavanja homoeostaze na\u0161e krvi je kriti\u010dna jer nagle promjene pH vrijednosti mogu rezultirati tjelesnim \u0161okom ili isklju\u010denjem. Poznato je da IV otopine s vrijednostima ni\u017eim od pH 5 ili ve\u0107im od pH 9 ubijaju krvne stanice nakon kontakta, \u0161to ima zna\u010dajan negativan utjecaj na zdravlje za pacijente. Najbolji rezultati kod pacijenata zabilje\u017eeni su s IV otopinama izme\u0111u pH 7,0 i 7,4. pH IV otopine tako\u0111er utje\u010de na stabilnost aktivne komponente lijeka, kao i na njegov rok trajanja. Ve\u0107ina lijekova ima najdu\u017eu stabilnost pri kiselim vrijednostima pH. Uzimaju\u0107i sve to u obzir, ve\u0107ina IV lijekova proizvodi se izme\u0111u pH 5 i pH 6 za maksimalnu stabilnost, istovremeno osiguravaju\u0107i da nema zna\u010dajnih zdravstvenih utjecaja. Visoka sposobnost puferiranja na\u0161eg krvnog pH osigurava da nema dramati\u010dnih promjena, jer otopina IV ulazi u krvotok.<\/p>\n

Primjena<\/h2>\n

Farmaceutska istra\u017eiva\u010dka tvrtka kontaktirala je Hanna Instruments kako bi se raspitala o mjerenju pH njihovih IV otopina lijekova. Proveli su studiju za utvr\u0111ivanje stabilnosti otopina lijekova pri razli\u010ditim pH vrijednostima, razli\u010ditim koncentracijama lijekova i razli\u010ditim tonicitetima. Budu\u0107i da su vr\u0161ili \u010desta mjerenja s ograni\u010denom volumenom uzorka, izvodili su pH vrijednost u ja\u017eicama od 100 \u03bcL pipeta.<\/p>\n

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Na\u0161e rje\u0161enje<\/h3>\n

Hanna Instruments ponudila je\u00a0HI5222 Professional stolni mjera\u010d pH\/mV\/ISE<\/a>. Ovaj je proizvod prikladan zbog pH rezolucije 0,001 i mogu\u0107nosti kalibriranja u prilago\u0111ene pufere.<\/p>\n

Za svoje istra\u017eivanje, tvrtka je kalibrirala na dvije to\u010dke, koriste\u0107i prilago\u0111ene pufere za umjeravanje na +\/- 1 pH jedinicu ciljanog pH. Tvrtka je mogla vidjeti GLP podatke kako bi se uvjerili da su nagib i stanje elektrode idealni unutar potrebnog raspona. To ih je uvjerilo da su njihova mjerenja to\u010dna.<\/p>\n

Podaci o GLP-u tako\u0111er su uklju\u010deni u njihova izvje\u0161\u0107a o zabilje\u017eenim podacima kako bi se mogli lako vratiti i imati detaljne zapise o svojim mjerenjima. Kupac je uva\u017eio da su GLP podaci prilagodljivi i omogu\u0107io im je unos \u201eID-a operatora\u201c. Oni su tako\u0111er koristili jedno od polja \u201cDodatne informacije\u201d da bi uklju\u010dili naziv uzorka serije.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

U bolnicama se pacijentima naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e primjenjuju intravenske (IV) otopine, poput fiziolo\u0161ke otopine ili lijekova na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":4795,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[382],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-155064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industrija-hr"],"yoast_head":"\nMjerenje pH izotoni\u010dne puferske otopine - Hanna Instruments Hrvatska<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/hr\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mjerenje pH izotoni\u010dne puferske otopine - Hanna Instruments Hrvatska\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"U bolnicama se pacijentima naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e primjenjuju intravenske (IV) otopine, poput fiziolo\u0161ke otopine ili lijekova na […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/hr\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hanna Instruments Hrvatska\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-07-12T10:00:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-07T13:29:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/hs-buffer-saline.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Milan Petrovi\u0107\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisao\/la\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Milan Petrovi\u0107\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Procijenjeno vrijeme \u010ditanja\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.hannaservice.eu\\\/hr\\\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.hannaservice.eu\\\/hr\\\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Milan Petrovi\u0107\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.hannaservice.eu\\\/hr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6872d7596a0a8c85e08ebf8440a39296\"},\"headline\":\"Mjerenje pH izotoni\u010dne puferske otopine\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-07-12T10:00:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-07T13:29:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.hannaservice.eu\\\/hr\\\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":676,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.hannaservice.eu\\\/hr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.hannaservice.eu\\\/hr\\\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.hannaservice.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/03\\\/hs-buffer-saline.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Industrija\"],\"inLanguage\":\"hr\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.hannaservice.eu\\\/hr\\\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.hannaservice.eu\\\/hr\\\/mjerenje-ph-izotonicne-puferske-otopine\\\/\",\"name\":\"Mjerenje pH izotoni\u010dne puferske otopine - 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