{"id":154989,"date":"2017-11-01T11:50:36","date_gmt":"2017-11-01T11:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/povecavanje-pouzdanosti-titracija-niklovih-kupki-automatizacijom\/"},"modified":"2022-10-10T09:03:01","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T09:03:01","slug":"povecavanje-pouzdanosti-titracija-niklovih-kupki-automatizacijom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/sr\/povecavanje-pouzdanosti-titracija-niklovih-kupki-automatizacijom\/","title":{"rendered":"Pove\u0107avanje pouzdanosti titracija niklovih kupki automatizacijom"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"154989\" class=\"elementor elementor-154989 elementor-154769\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5097bcb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5097bcb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82a8e26\" data-id=\"82a8e26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2de16c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2de16c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0da46c7\" data-id=\"0da46c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ca8086 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ca8086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hgbeOc\">\n<nav class=\"U0xwnf\" aria-labelledby=\"i4\">Automatski potenciometrijski titrator ispla\u0107uje sam sebe tokom prvih nekoliko nedelja kori\u0161\u0107enja uklanjanjem subjektivnosti, pove\u0107anjem ta\u010dnosti, smanjenjem vremena ispitivanja, u\u0161tedom radne snage, smanjenjem potro\u0161nje i tro\u0161kova hemikalija i pove\u0107anjem preciznosti analize kupki.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uklonite subjektivnost pomo\u0107u sonde umesto o\u010diju<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kori\u0161tenje indikatora boje za ru\u010dno titriranje mo\u017ee biti brzo i jednostavno, ali postoji kompromis izme\u0111u vremena i ta\u010dnosti. Pokazatelji boje su hemijske boje koje menjaju boju na temelju svojstava rastvora.<\/p>\n<p>Ovi se pokazatelji boje \u010desto koriste tokom ru\u010dnog titriranja kao pokazatelj potro\u0161nje odre\u0111ene hemikalije ili prisutnosti hemikalije u vi\u0161ku. Promena boje korelira sa titracijom krajnje ta\u010dke.<\/p>\n<p>Ono \u0161to postaje nezgodno je gde se ova promena boje doga\u0111a u odnosu na o\u010di tehni\u010dara. Pitanja poput &#8222;Koliko je ru\u017ei\u010dasta ru\u017ei\u010dasta?&#8220; ili &#8222;Na kojoj se nijansi naran\u010daste izme\u0111u \u017eute i crvene treba zaustaviti?&#8220; su \u010desti.<\/p>\n<p>Ovaj se problem kombinuje kada poku\u0161ava otkriti promenu boje na obojenom uzorku, poput zelene kupke od nikla. Ovakve uzorke \u010dak i ve\u0161tim laboratorijskim analiti\u010darima mo\u017ee predstavljati izazov da se dosledno reprodukuju, a gotovo su nemogu\u0107e za nekoga ko je daltonist.<\/p>\n<\/nav>\n<h3>How Potentiometry Works<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hannainst.com\/hs-fs\/hubfs\/Blog\/plating\/nerset-equation.gif?t=1509453377700&amp;width=146&amp;name=nerset-equation.gif\" alt=\"Nerset Equation\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Slika 1: Nernstova jedna\u010dina omogu\u0107ava nam povezivanje aktivnosti jona sa merljivim naponom.<\/p>\n<p>Kori\u0161tenje preciznog potenciometrijskog sistema otkrivanja ne ostavlja prostora za naga\u0111anja.<\/p>\n<p>U potenciometrijskom mernom ssistemu krajnja ta\u010dka titracije odre\u0111uje se na temelju promene potencijala u rastvoru. Mera\u010d i senzor ta\u010dno odre\u0111uju milivoltni (mV) potencijal rastvora uzorka. Senzor, poput pH, ORP ili jonske selektivne elektrode, pona\u0161a se prema Nernstovoj jedna\u010dini.<\/p>\n<p>Vrsta kori\u0161tenog senzora odredit \u0107e koji se joni u rastvoru mere. Unutra\u0161nji referentni potencijal stanice elektrode uspore\u0111uje se sa potencijalom spoljne membrane. Tokom titracije aktivnost jona koji se titrira menja se kako titracija napreduje. Titracija krajnje ta\u010dke mo\u017ee se otkriti odre\u0111ivanjem ta\u010dke na kojoj se doga\u0111a maksimalna promena potencijala.<\/p>\n<h2>Kori\u0161tenje jonskih selektivnih elektroda za pra\u0107enje koncentracije nikla<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/plating-bath-blog01-800px-wide-optmzd.jpg\" alt=\"plating bath\" \/>Nikl se mo\u017ee odrediti u kupkama za presvla\u010denje titracijom sa EDTA, poput na\u0161e EDTA 0,02M, 1L &#8211; HI70449. Kako se EDTA dodaje uzorku, nikl postaje vezan; krajnja se ta\u010dka javlja kada je nikl u potpunosti vezan EDTA-om.<\/p>\n<p>Titracija nikla mo\u017ee se odrediti potenciometrijski. Me\u0111utim, nikl je poseban slu\u010daj jer senzor za direktno otkrivanje aktivnosti jona nije komercijalno dostupan. Umesto toga, koncentracija nikla mo\u017ee se odrediti titracijom pra\u0107enjem istiskivanja bakra niklom pomo\u0107u elektrode selektivne bakarnog iona (ISE).<\/p>\n<p>Prvo se pH uzorka puferira na pribli\u017eno pH 10. Zatim se uzorku doda mala koli\u010dina bakrene EDTA (CuEDTA). Pri pH 10, nikl se povoljno ve\u017ee za EDTA, istiskuje bakar i rezultira slobodnim bakrovim jonima u rastvoru.<\/p>\n<p>Zatim titriramo sa EDTA. Kako titracija napreduje, EDTA prvo ve\u017ee jone nikla u rastvoru. Kad se sav nikl ve\u017ee, EDTA tada reaguje sa slobodnim bakrovim jonima u rastvoru. Kada se to dogodi, aktivnost bakrenih jona drasti\u010dno opada, \u0161to otkriva bakreni ISE. To signalizira titratoru da detektuje krajnju ta\u010dku.<\/p>\n<p>Potenciometrijom pratimo stvarnu aktivnost jona koji poku\u0161avamo izmeriti, a ne da promenu boje gledamo o\u010dima. Pra\u0107enje titracije na ovaj na\u010din omogu\u0107uje dosledan nadzor reakcije koja elimini\u0161e subjektivnost i pove\u0107ava ta\u010dnost i doslednost izme\u0111u analiti\u010dara.<\/p>\n<h2>Pove\u0107ajte preciznost kori\u0161tenjem automatskog doziranja<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/plating-bath-banner.jpeg\" \/>Mo\u017eete se pitati: &#8222;Za\u0161to je ovo va\u017eno?&#8220; Pa, ponovljivost izme\u0111u smena i tehni\u010dara osigurava dosledne kupke i kvalitetan proizvod. Rizik od ljudskih pogre\u0161aka drasti\u010dno se smanjio.<\/p>\n<p>Titracije ru\u010dno su zamorne i krajnja ta\u010dka se lako mo\u017ee pregaziti. Ru\u010dna zaustavna slavina za biretu mo\u017ee izdati samo jednu kap (~ 50 \u00b5L) odjednom, a za to je potrebna ve\u0161tina. To nije slu\u010daj sa automatskom titracijom. Automatski titrator mo\u017ee dozirati do 5 \u00b5L po dozi s instaliranom standardnom biretom od 25 ml, osiguravaju\u0107i da se krajnja ta\u010dka svaki put precizno detektuje.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizacija tako\u0111e poma\u017ee pove\u0107ati ta\u010dnost i ponovljivost bez gubljenja vremena. Koriste\u0107i prilagodljive i fleksibilne mogu\u0107nosti doziranja koje nude mnogi automatski titratori, titrator posmatra brzinu promene mV tokom titracije kako bi odredio brzinu i veli\u010dinu doziranja.<\/p>\n<p>Na taj \u0107e se na\u010din ve\u0107e koli\u010dine dozirati \u010de\u0161\u0107e na po\u010detku titracije, jer je potencijalna promena mala. Kako se reakcija pribli\u017eava krajnjoj ta\u010dki, mV potencijal po\u010dinje se dramati\u010dnije menjati po dozi. Kao rezultat toga, titrator proporcionalno smanjuje veli\u010dinu doze i pove\u0107ava vreme izme\u0111u doza.<\/p>\n<p>Doziranje ve\u0107eg volumena titranta na po\u010detku titracije, a manje na kraju, odr\u017eava brzinu svake titracije na minimumu, a istovremeno osigurava visoku razlu\u010divost oko krajnje ta\u010dke. Automatizacija doziranja i otkrivanja krajnje ta\u010dke omogu\u0107uje analiti\u010darima obavljanje ostalih laboratorijskih zadataka.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Dokaz je u potenciometriji<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/nickel-plating-bath-increasing-reliability01.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hanna Instruments nedavno je sara\u0111ivala sa proizvo\u0111a\u010dem u postrojenju za metalne obloge kako bi automatizovala njihovo titriranje u kadi. Analiti\u010dari kontrole kvaliteta sprovodili su ru\u010dne titracije za merenje kiselosti u hromiranim kupkama, kao i kiselosti i nikla u nikalnim kupkama.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoge kupke imale su matrice u boji poput tamne, mutne nijanse, pa je kupac bio prisiljen koristiti vrlo malu veli\u010dinu uzorka kako bi poku\u0161ao prepoznati njihove krajnje ta\u010dke pomo\u0107u indikatora u boji. Ovo je velik objekt, tako da vi\u0161e tehni\u010dara radi u laboratoriju.<\/p>\n<p>Budu\u0107i da su koristili indikator boje, njihovi rezultati titracije bili su otvoreni za interpretaciju izme\u0111u mnogih razli\u010ditih tehni\u010dara. Voditelj laboratorija primijetio je da su tijekom smjena dobivali nedosljedne rezultate, \u0161to je rezultiralo nedosljednostima u njihovim gotovim proizvodima.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hannaservice.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/HI902.jpg\" alt=\"HI902\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hanna Instruments sara\u0111ivala je s proizvo\u0111a\u010dem na automatizaciji njihovih ru\u010dnih titracija pomo\u0107u na\u0161eg automatskog potenciometrijskog titratora HI902. Nakon \u0161to su titracije automatizovane, rezultati su postajali dosledni tokom smena i analiti\u010dari su mogli izvr\u0161avati druge zadatke dok je titracija bila u toku.<br \/>\nTo im je omogu\u0107ilo da \u010de\u0161\u0107e sprovode testove i odr\u017eavaju kupke vi\u0161eg kvaliteta, a istovremeno smanjuju koli\u010dinu odba\u010denih gotovih proizvoda. Pre bi laboratorija zaostajala uzorcima, zbog \u010dega bi zaposleni morali kasniti ili projuriti kroz njih. Uzorci se titriraju zajedno sa drugim analizama u deli\u0107u vremena.<\/p>\n<h2>Hanna Instruments paket za titraciju<\/h2>\n<p>Paket automatskog titratora nikla HI902 nudi sve \u0161to vam je potrebno za glatki prelaz sa ru\u010dnih titracija na automatizovane titracije. Na\u0161 paket HI902 uklju\u010duje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Automatski potenciometrijski titrator HI902 sa dva sklopa za me\u0161anje i dve pumpe za doziranje i birete sa klipnim pogonom od 40 000 koraka<\/li>\n<li>PH elektroda, ORP elektroda i elektroda za selekciju bakarnih jona<\/li>\n<li>Titranti i reagensi za titraciju kiselosti, hipofosfita i nikla<\/li>\n<li>Kalibracijski puferi i ratsvori za odr\u017eavanje pH elektroda<\/li>\n<li>Instalacija i obuka na licu mesta, uklju\u010duju\u0107i optimizaciju metoda na licu mjesta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Automatski potenciometrijski titrator ispla\u0107uje sam sebe tokom prvih nekoliko nedelja kori\u0161\u0107enja uklanjanjem subjektivnosti, pove\u0107anjem ta\u010dnosti, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":154821,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[367],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-154989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industrija"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - 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