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Moisture content determination in gasoline

Gasoline, naphtha or benzine, is a hydrocarbon obtained from crude oil, which is used for internal combustion engines. It is a mixture of individual hydrocarbons, among which we find butanes, butenes and others such as methylnaphthalene. Gasoline must meet several conditions so that the engine works well, has greater durability and at the same time is sustainable for the environment. It is made up of fuel fractions from different oil refining processes, such as atmospheric distillation, catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, alkylation, among others.
Gasoline, naphtha or benzine, is a hydrocarbon obtained from crude oil, which is used for internal combustion engines. It is a mixture of individual hydrocarbons, among which we find butanes, butenes and others such as methylnaphthalene. Gasoline must meet several conditions so that the engine works well, has greater durability and at the same time is sustainable for the environment. It is made up of fuel fractions from different oil refining processes, such as atmospheric distillation, catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, alkylation, among others.
Determining the water content in a petroleum product allows identifying its characteristics according to its quality and performance. The water content in gasoline causes performance damage in the engine, by affecting other parts such as the fuel piping system and injectors, generating corrosion, organic degradation of gasoline, generation of acids during combustion and contributes to bacterial growth.
Therefore, controlling moisture in petroleum products is important in their manufacture, purchase, sale, and transfer.
Determining the water content in a petroleum product allows identifying its characteristics according to its quality and performance. The water content in gasoline causes performance damage in the engine, by affecting other parts such as the fuel piping system and injectors, generating corrosion, organic degradation of gasoline, generation of acids during combustion and contributes to bacterial growth.

Therefore, controlling moisture in petroleum products is important in their manufacture, purchase, sale, and transfer.

Water entering the car’s gas tank can gradually decrease engine power. And, if not seriously considered, in the long run, it will also reduce the range of the vehicle. Also, it would cause biodegradation of the fuel, which would cause the car to lose power.

In addition to this, it is important to note that water is heavier than gasoline, so it remains at the bottom of the tank, causing the container to rust. Because of this, microbes can grow inside the tank and destroy the entire fuel system.

For the determination of water content in hydrocarbons derived from petroleum such as oxygenated gasoline, equipment that has the sensitivity, range and precision is required , for this, the separation methods are not as selective when it comes to quantifying the water content. Additionally, for this type of matrix, the amount of water is very low.

Therefore, in order to comply with regulations and guarantee product quality, the Karl Fischer methodology by coulometry is the most convenient option. This is where the HI 934 coulometric Karl Fischer system allows the analysis of these hydrocarbon matrices, with short times of approximately 3 to 4 minutes per sample, it offers an operating range of 1 ppm to 5% H₂O, which is optimal for what is required and demanded for gasoline and other derivatives, finally guarantees its performance by using traceable standards that guarantee the accuracy of the results.

It presents a renewed design that allows complete customization and versatile handling of information thanks to its software and USB connection; generators with and without iodine diaphragm with a pulse of up to 400 mA ; high-efficiency desiccant molecular sieve and a built-in stirrer. Along with this, the titrator allows to store up to 100 user methods or titrant standardization, in which ISO, ASTM, AOAC and EPA standard methods are found.

ASTM D4928-12
Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils
by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
Method covers the determination of water in the range from
0.02 to 5.00 mass or volume % in crude oils.
The HI 934 is a powerful tool for testing small moisture concentrations.

HI934

Karl Fischer Coulometric Titrator
Diaphragm-less titration offers very low drift rates and easy cell maintenance.
To overcome the drawbacks of diaphragm titrations, diaphragm-less titration systems were made through modification of the generator’s design and modification of the reagent. The cathode’s surface is much smaller compared to the anode, allowing the generated iodine to react before possibly reaching the cathode. The reagent is also modified to prevent oxidizable sulfur compounds from forming.
BUY
  • Dynamic Titrant Dosing
  • Drift Rate Compensation
  • Titration Results Averaging
  • Selectable Endpoint Criteria
  • Multistage Cell Preparation
  • Titration System
  • Precision Iodine Generation
  • Chemically Resistant Titration Vessel and Tubing
  • Sealed Solvent System
  • Molecular Sieve Desiccant
  • Digital Built-in Stirrer
  • Detailed Titration Graphs
  • Interactive Color Display
  • Simple and Quick Navigation
  • Titrator Data & Reporting
  • Customizable Titration Reports
  • Flexible GLP Management
  • Effortless Data Transfer
  • Methods of Analysis
  • Customizable Methods
The HI934 can store up to 100 user-defined or standard titration methods. Each method may be customized and optimized for performance based on application and user requirements.
  • Titration Method Support
  • Connectivity & Functionality
  • Configurable Balance Interface
  • Multiple Peripherals
  • Adaptable Standard Methods
Our technical experts can program and customize standard methods developed by such affiliations as ISO, ASTM, AOAC, AOCS, EPA, and more directly onto your titrator. Ask our Sales Consultants which standard methods are possible with our HI934 Karl Fischer system.
Author:
Nives Vinceković Budor
mag.ing.chem.ing.
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Sources:
https://www.astm.org/d4928-12r18.html

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